Debian ²Î¿¼ÊÖ²á --------------- Osamu Aoki ÒëÕߣº Hao "Lyoo" Liu Ming Hua ФʢÎÄ Haifeng Chen ½âÑ岩 easthero µÚ A.1 ½Ú, `×÷Õß' CVS, ÐÇÆÚÒ» ÁùÔ 16 21:20:52 UTC 2008 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ÕªÒª ---- Debian ²Î¿¼ÊÖ²á (http://qref.sourceforge.net/) Ö¼ÔÚΪ_ÔËÐÐ Debian µÄÓû§_ÌṩȫÃæµÄÖ¸µ¼¡£ÊéÖÐÌṩÁË´óÁ¿ _shell-command_ ʵÀý£¬ËüÃǺ­¸Çϵͳ¹ÜÀíµÄ·½·½ÃæÃ棬°üÀ¨µÄÖ÷ÌâÓУºDebian µÄ»ù±¾¸ÅÄϵͳ°²×°Ìáʾ¡¢Debian Èí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí¡¢Debian ÖÐµÄ Linux Äںˡ¢ÏµÍ³Î¢µ÷¡¢½¨Á¢Íø¹Ø¡¢Îı¾±à¼­Æ÷¡¢CVS¡¢³ÌÐòÉè¼Æ¡¢ÃæÏò_·Ç¿ª·¢Õß_µÄ GnuPG µÈ£¬Ã¿¸öÖ÷Ìⶼ°üÀ¨»ù´¡Ö¸ÄÏ¡¢ÊµÓü¼ÇɺÍÆäËüÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢¡£ °æȨÉùÃ÷ -------- Copyright (c) 2001--2005 by Osamu Aoki . Copyright (Chapter 2) (c) 1996--2001 by Software in the Public Interest. ±¾Îĵµ°æȨÊÊÓÃÓÚ GNU General Public License version 2 »ò¸ü¸ß°æ±¾µÄÏà¹ØÌõ¿î¡£ (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html) ÔÚ×ñÊز¢°üº¬±¾Îĵµ°æȨÉùÃ÷µÄÇ°ÌáÏ£¬ÖÆ×÷ºÍ·¢²¼±¾ÎĵµµÄÍêÕû¿½±´ÊÇÔÊÐíµÄ¡£²¢ÇÒ£¬ËùÓÐÕâЩ¿½±´¾ùÊܵ½±¾Ðí¿ÉÉùÃ÷µÄ±£»¤¡£ ÔÚ×ñÊØÉÏÊöÍêÕû¿½±´°æ±¾ÓйذæȨÉùÃ÷µÄÇ°ÌáÏ£¬¿½±´ºÍ·¢²¼»ùÓÚ±¾ÎĵµÍêÕû¿½±´µÄÐ޸İ汾ÊÇÔÊÐíµÄ£¬²¢ÇÒ£¬·¢²¼ËùÓÐͨ¹ýÐ޸ı¾Îĵµ¶øµÃµ½µÄ¹¤×÷³É¹û£¬ÐëʹÓÃÓë±¾ÎĵµµÄÐí¿ÉÉùÃ÷Ò»ÖµÄÐí¿ÉÉùÃ÷¡£ ÔÚ×ñÊØÉÏÊöÐ޸İ汾°æȨÉùÃ÷µÄÇ°ÌáÏ£¬¿½±´ºÍ·¢²¼±¾ÎĵµÆäËüÓïÑԵķ­Òë°æ±¾ÊÇÔÊÐíµÄ£¬Èç¹û±¾Ðí¿ÉÉùÃ÷Óо­×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ»ù½ð»á(Free Software Foundation)ºË×¼µÄµ±µØ»¯Òë±¾£¬Ôò×ñÑ­µ±µØ»¯Òë±¾¡£ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ŀ¼ ---- 1. ÐòÑÔ 1.1. ¹Ù·½Îĵµ 1.2. ÎĵµÔ¼¶¨ 1.3. ½Å±¾ÑùÀý 1.4. »ù±¾ÉèÖà 1.5. Debian ·¢Ðаæ(distributions)»ù±¾¸ÅÄî 2. Debian »ù´¡ 2.1. Debian Îļþ 2.1.1. Ŀ¼½á¹¹ 2.1.2. Debian ·¢Ðаæ 2.1.3. `stable' ·¢Ðаæ 2.1.4. `testing' ·¢Ðаæ 2.1.5. `unstable' ·¢Ðаæ 2.1.6. `frozen' ·¢Ðаæ 2.1.7. Debian ·¢²¼°æ´úºÅ 2.1.8. ÒÑÓùýµÄ·¢²¼°æ´úºÅ 2.1.9. ·¢²¼°æ´úºÅÀ´Ô´ 2.1.10. `pool'Ŀ¼ 2.1.11. `sid' µ®Éú¼Ç 2.1.12. ÉÏÔص½ `incoming' ÖеÄÈí¼þ°ü 2.1.13. ÕһؾÉÈí¼þ°ü 2.1.14. ·¢²¼Ô´Ä¿Â¼½á¹¹ 2.1.15. Ô´´úÂë 2.2. Debian Èí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀíϵͳ 2.2.1. Debian Èí¼þ°ü¸ÅÊö 2.2.2. Debian Èí¼þ°ü¸ñʽ 2.2.3. Debian Èí¼þ°üÃüÃûÔ¼¶¨ 2.2.4. ±£´æ±¾µØÅäÖà 2.2.5. Debian ά»¤½Å±¾ 2.2.6. Èí¼þ°üÓÅÏȼ¶ 2.2.7. ÐéÄâÈí¼þ°ü 2.2.8. Èí¼þ°üÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ 2.2.9. ºÎΪ¡°Pre-depends¡± 2.2.10. Èí¼þ°ü״̬ 2.2.11. ×èÖ¹Èí¼þ°üÉý¼¶ 2.2.12. Ô´Âë°ü 2.2.13. ±àÒëÔ´Âë°ü 2.2.14. н¨ Debian Èí¼þ°ü 2.3. Debian ϵͳÉý¼¶ 2.3.1. `dpkg' 2.3.2. APT 2.3.3. `dselect' 2.3.4. ²»Í£»úϵͳÉý¼¶ 2.3.5. ÏÂÔغͻº´æ `.deb' Îļþ 2.3.6. Éý¼¶¼Ç¼ 2.4. Debian ϵͳÒýµ¼½ø³Ì 2.4.1. `init' ³ÌÐò 2.4.2. ÔËÐ춱ð 2.4.3. ×Ô¶¨ÒåÔËÐ춱ð 2.5. ¶àÑùÐÔÖ§³Ö 2.6. ¹ú¼Ê»¯ 2.7. Debian ºÍϵͳÄÚºË 2.7.1. ±àÒë·Ç Debian Ô´Âë°üÄں˴úÂë 2.7.2. ×Ô¶¨ÒåÄں˴´½¨¹¤¾ß 2.7.3. Ä£¿é¼ÓÔع涨 2.7.4. жÔؾÉÄÚºË 3. Debian ϵͳ°²×°Ìáʾ 3.1. ³£¹æ Linux °²×°Ìáʾ 3.1.1. Ó²¼þ¼æÈÝÐÔ 3.1.2. È·¶¨ PC Ó²¼þºÍоƬ×é 3.1.3. ÔÚ Debian ÏÂÈ·¶¨ PC Ó²¼þ 3.1.4. ÔÚÆäËü OS ÏÂÈ·¶¨ PC Ó²¼þ 3.1.5. Lilo Éñ»° 3.1.6. GRUB 3.1.7. Ñ¡ÔñÒýµ¼ÈíÅÌ 3.1.8. °²×°ÏµÍ³ 3.1.9. ÍøÂçËùÐèµÄÖ÷»úÃûºÍ IP µØÖ· 3.1.10. Óû§ÕʺŠ3.1.11. ´´½¨Îļþϵͳ 3.1.12. DRAM ÄÚ´æÖ¸µ¼ 3.1.13. Swap ¿Õ¼ä 3.2. Bash ÉèÖà 3.3. Êó±êÉèÖà 3.3.1. PS/2 Êó±ê 3.3.2. USB Êó±ê 3.3.3. ´¥ÃþÆÁ(Touchpad) 3.4. NFS ÉèÖà 3.5. Samba ÉèÖà 3.6. ´òÓ¡»úÉèÖà 3.6.1. `lpr'/`lpd' 3.6.2. CUPS(TM) 3.7. ×ÀÃæ PC µÄ CRON 3.8. ÆäËüÖ÷»ú°²×°Ìáʾ 3.8.1. ³õʼ»¯°²×°Íê³ÉºóÔÙ°²×°ÆäËûÈí¼þ°ü 3.8.2. Ä£¿é 3.8.3. CD-RW »ù±¾²½Öè 3.8.4. ¶àÄÚ´æºÍ¹Ø»ú×Ô¶¯¶Ïµç 3.8.5. ÎÞ·¨·ÃÎÊijЩվµãµÄ¹ÖÎÊÌâ 3.8.6. PPP °ÎºÅÉèÖà 3.8.7. `/etc/' ÖеÄÆäËüÅäÖÃÎļþ 4. Debian Ö¸ÄÏ 4.1. ¿ªÊ¼ÁË 4.1.1. Ó󬼶Óû§µÇ¼µ½ÃüÁîÌáʾ·û 4.1.2. ÉèÖÃ×îСµÄÐÂÊÖ»·¾³ 4.1.3. Ìí¼ÓÒ»¸öÓû§ 4.1.4. ÔÚ²»Í¬µÄ¿ØÖÆ̨֮¼äÇл» 4.1.5. ÔõÑù¹Ø±Õ»úÆ÷ 4.1.6. ÍæµÄʱ¼ä 4.2. Midnight Commander (MC) 4.2.1. Ìá¸ß MC 4.2.2. Æô¶¯ MC 4.2.3. MC ÀïµÄÎļþ¹ÜÀíÆ÷ 4.2.4. MC ÀïµÄÃüÁîÐм¼ÇÉ 4.2.5. MC ÀïÃæµÄ±à¼­Æ÷ 4.2.6. MC ÀïµÄÔĶÁÆ÷ 4.2.7. MC µÄ×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯ÌØÐÔ 4.2.8. MC ÀïµÄ FTP ÐéÄâÎļþϵͳ 4.3. Àà Unix ¹¤×÷»·¾³ 4.3.1. ÌØÊâµÄ°´¼ü×éºÏ 4.3.2. »ù±¾ Unix ÃüÁî 4.3.3. ÃüÁîÖ´ÐÐ 4.3.4. ¼òµ¥µÄÃüÁî 4.3.5. ÃüÁîÖ´Ðкͻ·¾³±äÁ¿ 4.3.6. ÃüÁîËÑË÷·¾¶ 4.3.7. ÃüÁîÐÐÑ¡Ïî 4.3.8. Shell ͨÅä·û 4.3.9. ÃüÁî·µ»ØÖµ 4.3.10. µäÐ͵ÄÃüÁîÐòÁÐ 4.3.11. ÃüÁî±ðÃû 4.4. Àà Unix Îı¾´¦Àí 4.4.1. ÕýÔò±í´ïʽ 4.4.2. Ìæ»»±í´ïʽ 4.5. Àà Unix Îļþϵͳ 4.5.1. Unix Îļþ»ù´¡ 4.5.2. Debian ÖеÄÎļþϵͳ¸ÅÄî 4.5.3. ÎļþºÍĿ¼µÄ·ÃÎÊȨÏÞ 4.5.4. ʱ¼ä´Á 4.5.5. Á´½Ó 4.5.6. ÃüÃû¹ÜµÀ(FIFOs) 4.5.7. Ì×½Ó×Ö 4.5.8. É豸Îļþ 4.5.9. `/proc' Îļþϵͳ 4.6. X ´°¿Úϵͳ 4.6.1. Æô¶¯ X ´°¿Úϵͳ 4.6.2. X ´°¿ÚϵͳϵIJ˵¥ 4.6.3. X ´°¿Úϵͳ¼üÅÌÐòÁÐ 4.7. ½øÒ»²½Ñ§Ï° 5. ·¢ÐаæÉý¼¶µ½ `stable'¡¢`testing' »ò `unstable' 5.1. ´Ó Potato Éý¼¶µ½ Woody 5.2. ×¼±¸Éý¼¶¹¤×÷ 5.3. Éý¼¶ 5.3.1. ʹÓà `dselect' 5.3.2. ʹÓà `apt-get' 6. Debian Èí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí 6.1. ½éÉÜ 6.1.1. Ö÷ÒªµÄ°ü¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß 6.1.2. ·½±ãµÄ¹¤¾ß 6.2. Debian Èí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí»ù´¡ 6.2.1. ÉèÖà APT 6.2.2. °²×° tasks 6.2.3. `aptitude' 6.2.4. `dselect' 6.2.5. ʹÓà APT À´Î¬»¤·¢Ðа汾 6.2.6. `aptitude', `apt-get' ºÍ `apt-cache' ÃüÁî 6.3. Debian Éú´æÃüÁî 6.3.1. ¼ì²â³ÌÐò´íÎóÑ°Çó°ïÖú 6.3.2. APT Éý¼¶´íÎóÒÔ¼°½â¾ö·½·¨ 6.3.3. ʹÓà `dpkg' ¾ÈÖú 6.3.4. »Ö¸´Èí¼þ°üÑ¡Ôñ״̬µÄÊý¾Ý 6.3.5. `/var' ±ÀÀ£Ö®ºóÈçºÎ»Ö¸´ÏµÍ³ 6.3.6. ΪÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯µÄϵͳ°²×°Èí¼þ°ü 6.3.7. Èç¹û `dpkg' ÃüÁî³ö´íÔõô°ì 6.4. Debian ±Øɱ¼¼ 6.4.1. ÎļþÐÅÏ¢ 6.4.2. Èí¼þ°üÐÅÏ¢ 6.4.3. ʹÓà APT ÎÞÈËÖµÊØ°²×° 6.4.4. ÖØÐÂÅäÖÃÒÑ°²×°µÄÈí¼þ°ü 6.4.5. ɾ³ýºÍÇå³ýÈí¼þ°ü 6.4.6. ×èÖ¹¾ÉÈí¼þ°üÉý¼¶ 6.4.7. `stable'/`testing'/`unstable' »ìºÏϵͳ 6.4.8. ɾ³ý»º´æ°üÎļþ 6.4.9. ¼Ç¼/¿½±´ÏµÍ³ÅäÖà 6.4.10. Ïò `stable' ϵͳÒýÈëÈí¼þ°ü 6.4.11. ±¾µØÈí¼þ°üÎļþ 6.4.12. ת»»»ò°²×°ÍâÀ´µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÈí¼þ°ü 6.4.13. ×Ô¶¯°²×°ÃüÁî 6.4.14. УÑéÒÑ°²×°µÄÈí¼þ°ü 6.4.15. ÓÅ»¯ `sources.list' 6.5. ÆäËû Debian µÄÌØÐÔ 6.5.1. `dpkg-divert' ÃüÁî 6.5.2. `equivs' Èí¼þ°ü 6.5.3. Alternative ÃüÁî 6.5.4. ÔËÐ춱ð Runlevel 6.5.5. Í£Ö¹ daemon ·þÎñ 7. Debian Ï嵀 Linux ÄÚºË 7.1. Äں˱àÒë 7.1.1. ÄÚºËÍ·Îļþ 7.2. ͨ¹ý proc Îļþϵͳµ÷ÕûÄÚºË 7.2.1. ´ò¿ªÁËÌ«¶àÎļþ 7.2.2. ´ÅÅÌ»º´æÇå³ýʱ¼ä(Disk flush intervals) 7.2.3. ³Ù»ºµÄСÄÚ´æ¾É»úÆ÷ 7.3. 2.6 °æÄÚºËºÍ udev 8. Debian С¼¼ÇÉ 8.1. Æô¶¯ÏµÍ³ 8.1.1. ¡°ÎÒÍü¼ÇÁË root ÃÜÂ룡¡±(Ò») 8.1.2. ¡°ÎÒÍü¼ÇÁË root ÃÜÂ룡¡±(¶þ) 8.1.3. ÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯ÏµÍ³ 8.1.4. ¡°ÎÒ²»ÏëÖ±½ÓÆô¶¯µ½ X£¡¡± 8.1.5. ÆäËüÓÃÓÚÆô¶¯Ìáʾ·ûµÄ¼¼ÇÉ 8.1.6. ÉèÖà GRUB Æô¶¯²ÎÊý 8.2. »î¶¯¼Ç¼ 8.2.1. ¼Ç¼ shell »î¶¯ 8.2.2. ¼Ç¼ X »î¶¯ 8.3. ¿½±´¼°´´½¨×ÓĿ¼ 8.3.1. ¿½±´Õû¸ö×ÓĿ¼µÄ»ù±¾ÃüÁî 8.3.2. `cp' 8.3.3. `tar' 8.3.4. `pax' 8.3.5. `cpio' 8.3.6. `afio' 8.4. ²îÁ¿±¸·ÝÓëÊý¾Ýͬ²½ 8.4.1. ʹÓà rdiff ½øÐвîÒ챸·Ý 8.4.2. ʹÓà `pdumpfs' ½øÐÐÿÈÕ±¸·Ý 8.4.3. ʹÓà RCS ½øÐж¨ÆÚ²îÒ챸·Ý 8.5. ϵͳ¶³½á»Ö¸´ 8.5.1. ÖÐÖ¹Ò»¸ö½ø³Ì 8.5.2. Alt-SysRq 8.6. ¼ÇסÕâЩ¿É°®µÄСÃüÁî 8.6.1. Pager 8.6.2. ÊÍ·ÅÄÚ´æ 8.6.3. É趨ʱ¼ä(BIOS) 8.6.4. É趨ʱ¼ä(NTP) 8.6.5. ÈçºÎ½ûÓÃÆÁÄ»±£»¤³ÌÐò 8.6.6. ËÑË÷ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÊý¾Ý¿â 8.6.7. ½ûÓÃÉùÒô(ÏìÁå) 8.6.8. ¿ØÖÆ̨ÉϵĴíÎóÐÅÏ¢ 8.6.9. ÕýÈ·ÉèÖÿØÖÆ̨ÀàÐÍ 8.6.10. ÈÿØÖÆ̨»Ö¸´Õý³£×´Ì¬ 8.6.11. ½« DOS ϵÄÎı¾Îļþת»»Îª Unix ÀàÐÍ 8.6.12. ʹÓà `recode' ת»¯Îı¾Îļþ 8.6.13. Õý¹æ±í´ïʽµÄÖû» 8.6.14. ʹÓýű¾À´±à¼­Îļþ 8.6.15. ÌáÈ¡Ô´ÎļþÐ޸IJ¿·ÖºÏ²¢µ½¸üаü 8.6.16. ·Ö¸î´óÎļþ 8.6.17. ´ÓÎı¾¸ñʽµÄ±í¸ñÖгéÈ¡Êý¾Ý 8.6.18. ¾«ÇɵĹܵÀÃüÁÖú½Å±¾ 8.6.19. Ñ­»·Ã¿Ò»¸öÎļþµÄ½Å±¾Æ¬¶Î 8.6.20. ¶ÌСµÄ Perl ½Å±¾ 8.6.21. ´ÓÍøÒ³ÉÏ»ñÈ¡Îı¾»òÓʼþÁбíÎĵµ 8.6.22. ´òÓ¡ÍøÒ³ 8.6.23. ´òÓ¡°ïÖúÒ³Ãæ 8.6.24. ºÏ²¢Á½¸ö PostScript »ò PDF Îļþ 8.6.25. ÃüÁîºÄʱ 8.6.26. `nice' ÃüÁî 8.6.27. Èճ̰²ÅÅ(`cron'£¬`at') 8.6.28. Óà `screen' À´¶¨ÖÆ¿ØÖÆ̨ 8.6.29. ÍøÂç²âÊÔ»ù´¡ 8.6.30. ´Ó±¾µØ»º³å³ØÖÐÇå¿Õ(flush)Óʼþ 8.6.31. ɾ³ý±¾µØ»º³å³ØÖеĶ³½áÓʼþ 8.6.32. ÔÙ·Ö·¢ `mbox' ÖеÄÐżþ 8.6.33. Çå¿ÕÎļþÄÚÈÝ 8.6.34. ¿ÕÎļþ 8.6.35. `chroot' 8.6.36. ÔõÑù¼ì²éÓ²Á´½Ó 8.6.37. `mount' Ó²ÅÌÉϵľµÏñÎļþ 8.6.38. Samba 8.6.39. ÍâÀ´ÎļþϵͳµÄ²Ù×÷¹¤¾ß 8.7. ÐèҪעÒâµÄµäÐÍ´íÎó 8.7.1. `rm -rf .*' 8.7.2. `rm /etc/passwd' 9. Debian ϵͳ΢µ÷ 9.1. ϵͳ³õʼ»¯ 9.1.1. ×Ô¶¨Òå init ½Å±¾ 9.1.2. ×Ô¶¨ÒåϵͳÈÕÖ¾ 9.1.3. Ó²¼þ´æÈ¡ÓÅ»¯ 9.2. ·ÃÎÊÏÞÖÆ(Restricting access) 9.2.1. Óà PAM À´¿ØÖƵǼ 9.2.2. ¡°ÎªÊ²Ã´ GNU `su' ÃüÁî²»Ö§³Ö `wheel' group¡± 9.2.3. ¸÷±ê×¼Óû§×éµÄÄ¿µÄ 9.2.4. ¸ü°²È«µØ¹¤×÷ -- `sudo' 9.2.5. ·þÎñµÄ·ÃÎÊÏÞÖÆ 9.2.6. ¼¯ÖÐʽÑéÖ¤ -- LDAP 9.3. ¿Ì¼»ú 9.3.1. ¸ÅÊö 9.3.2. ·½·¨Ò»£ºmodules + `lilo' 9.3.3. ·½·¨¶þ£ºÖرàÒëÄÚºË 9.3.4. ÅäÖò½Öè 9.3.5. ¹âÅ̾µÏñÎļþ(¿ÉÒýµ¼¹âÅÌ) 9.3.6. ¿Ì¼¹âÅÌ(R£¬R/W)£º 9.3.7. ÖÆ×÷¹âÅ̾µÏñÎļþ 9.3.8. Debian °²×°Å̾µÏñ 9.3.9. ½«ÏµÍ³±¸·Ýµ½ CD-R 9.3.10. ½«ÒôÀÖ CD ¿Ì¼µ½ CD-R 9.3.11. ¿Ì¼ DVD-R¡¢DVD-RW ºÍ DVD+RW 9.4. X 9.4.1. X Èí¼þ°ü 9.4.2. X ·þÎñÆ÷µÄÓ²¼þÕì²â 9.4.3. X ·þÎñÆ÷ 9.4.4. X ¿Í»§¶Ë 9.4.5. X »á»° 9.4.6. ÔÚ TCP/IP ÖÐʹÓà X 9.4.7. Áª½ÓÔ¶³ÌµÄ X ·þÎñÆ÷ -- `xhost' 9.4.8. Áª½ÓÔ¶³ÌµÄ X ·þÎñÆ÷ -- `ssh' 9.4.9. X ÖÕ¶ËÄ£ÄâÆ÷ -- `xterm' 9.4.10. X ×ÊÔ´ 9.4.11. X ÖмüÅ̺ÍÖ¸Õë°´Å¥µÄÓ³Éä 9.4.12. X Ï»ñÈ¡ root ȨÏÞ 9.4.13. X Ï嵀 TrueType ×ÖÌå 9.4.14. X ÖеÄÍøÒ³ä¯ÀÀÆ÷ 9.4.15. X ͼÐνçÃæϵÄÓʼþ¿Í»§¶Ë(MUAs) 9.5. SSH 9.5.1. SSH »ù´¡ 9.5.2. ·¢ËÍ¶Ë¿Ú SMTP/POP3 ΢µ÷ 9.5.3. ÓøüÉÙµÄÃÜÂ뽨Á¢Á¬½Ó -- RSA 9.5.4. ´¦ÀíÍâÀ´µÄ SSH ¿Í»§¶Ë 9.5.5. ÉèÖà `ssh-agent' 9.5.6. SSH ÎÊÌâ´¦Àí 9.6. Óʼþ 9.6.1. Óʼþ´«Êä´úÀí(MTAs) 9.6.2. ÊÕÈ¡Óʼþ -- Fetchmail 9.6.3. ´¦ÀíÓʼþ -- Procmail 9.6.4. Óà `crm114' ´¦ÀíÀ¬»øÓʼþ 9.6.5. ÔĶÁÓʼþ -- Mutt 9.7. ±¾µØ»¯(localization) 9.7.1. ±¾µØ»¯»ù´¡ 9.7.2. Locales 9.7.3. 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USB Êó±ê --------------- ÇëÈ·¶¨ÄãÉèÖÃÁËËùÓбØÐëµÄ kernel Ñ¡Ï²¢ÔÚ±àÒëµÄʱºò±àÈëÄں˻ò±à³ÉÄ£¿éÁË£º * ÔÚ ¡°Input Core Support¡±Ñ¡ÏîÏ£º * "Input core support" (CONFIG_INPUT, `input.o'), * "Mouse support" (CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV, `mousedev.o'), * ÔÚ ¡°USB support¡±Ñ¡ÏîÏ£º * "Support for USB" (CONFIG_USB, `usbcore.o'), * "Preliminary USB device filesystem" (CONFIG_USB_DEVICEFS), * "UHCI" or "OHCI" (CONFIG_USB_UHCI || CONFIG_USB_UHCI_ALT || CONFIG_USB_OHCI, `usb-uhci.o' || `uhci.o' || `usb-ohci.o'), * "USB Human Interface Device (full HID) support" (CONFIG_USB_HID, `hid.o'), and * "HID input layer support" (CONFIG_USB_HIDINPUT) Õâ¶ù£¬Ä£¿éµÄÃû³ÆΪСд¡£ Èç¹ûÄãûʹÓà devfs£¬ÔòÐè°´ÏÂÃæµÄ·½·¨´´½¨Ò»¸öÉ豸½Úµã `/dev/input/mice'£º # cd /dev # mkdir input # mknod input/mice c 13 63 ¶ÔÓÚµäÐ͵ĹöÖá _USB_ Êó±ê£¬ÅäÖÃÈçÏ£º /etc/gpm.conf | /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 =========================+====================================== device=/dev/input/mice | Section "InputDevice" responsiveness= | Identifier "Generic Mouse" repeat_type=raw | Driver "mouse" type=autops2 | Option "SendCoreEvents" "true" append="" | Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" sample_rate= | Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2" | Option "Buttons" "5" | Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" | EndSection ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢¿Éä¯ÀÀ the Linux USB Project (http://www.linux-usb.org/)¡£ 3.3.3. ´¥ÃþÆÁ(Touchpad) ----------------------- ¾¡¹Ü´¥ÃþÆÁÔڱʼDZ¾µçÄÔÉÏĬÈÏÊÇÄ£Äâ 2 ¼ü PS/2 Êó±êµÄÐÐΪ£¬ÈÔ¿É´Ó `tpconfig' Èí¼þ°ü»ñµÃ¶ÔÕâÀàÉ豸µÄÍêÈ«²Ù¿Ø¡£ÀýÈçÔÚ `/etc/default/tpconfig' ÖÐÉèÖà `OPTIONS="--tapmode=0"' ¿ÉÆÁ±ÎÌÖÑáµÄ¡°click by tap¡±ÐÐΪ¡£°´ÈçÏ·½·¨ÉèÖà `/etc/gpm.conf' ¿ÉÒÔ¿ØÖÆ̨ÏÂʹÓô¥ÃþÆÁºÍ USB Íâ½ÓÊó±ê¡£ device=/dev/psaux responsiveness= repeat_type=ms3 type=autops2 append="-M -m /dev/input/mice -t autops2" sample_rate= 3.4. NFS ÉèÖà ------------- °²×° NFS ÒªÉèÖÃ`/etc/exports'¡£ # apt-get install nfs-kernel-server # echo "/ *.domainname-for-lan-hosts(rw,no_root_squash,nohide)" \ >> /etc/exports ÏêÇé¼ûÎÒµÄÑùÀý½Å±¾ (http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/examples/). 3.5. 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Æô¶¯ MC -------------- $ mc ÔÚ MC ÖÐÓû§¿ÉÇá¶øÒ×¾ÙʹÓò˵¥Íê³ÉËùÓеÄÎļþ²Ù×÷¡£¿ÉÒÔ°´ F1 »ñµÃ°ïÖú£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÖ»Ó÷½Ïò¼üºÍ¹¦ÄܼüÀ´²Ù×÷ MC¡£ [1] [1] Èç¹ûÔÚÒ»¸öÖÕ¶ËÄÚ£¬ÏóÓÃÓÚÈÕÎÄµÄ `kon' ºÍ `kterm'£¬ ijЩͼÐÎ×Ö·ûÓÐÎÊÌ⣬ ¸ø MC ÃüÁîÐÐÔö¼ÓÒ»¸ö `-a' Ñ¡ÏÓÐÖúÓÚ×èÖ¹Õâ¸öÎÊÌâ·¢Éú¡£ 4.2.3. MC ÀïµÄÎļþ¹ÜÀíÆ÷ ------------------------ ĬÈÏ״̬Ï£¬ËùÓÐÎļþÁÐÓÚÁ½¸öĿ¼Ãæ°å¡£Ò»ÖÖʵÓõķ½Ê½Êǽ«Óұߴ°¿ÚÉ趨Ϊ¡°information¡±£¬ÓÃÀ´²é¿´Îļþ·ÃÎÊȨÏÞµÈÐÅÏ¢¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩ»ù±¾µÄ»÷¼ü¡£Èç¹û`gpm' daemonÔÚÔËÐУ¬Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÊó±ê¡£(ÔÚMCÖнøÐмôÇкÍÕ³Ìù²Ù×÷ʱ±ðÍüÁË°´ÏÂshift¼ü¡£) * F1: °ïÖú²Ëµ¥ * F3: ÄÚÖÃÎļþÔĶÁÆ÷ * F4: ÄÚÖñ༭Æ÷ * F9: ¼¤»îÕÛµþ²Ëµ¥ * F10: Í˳ö Midnight Commander * Tab: ÔÚÁ½¸ö´°¿Ú¼äÒƶ¯ * Insert: Ϊ¶àÎļþ²Ù×÷Éú³ÉÎļþÈ翽±´ * Del: ɾ³ýÎļþ(СÐÄ---ÇëÉèÖà MC Ϊ°²×°É¾³ýģʽ) * ·½Ïò¼ü: Óë¸÷×ÔµÄÃû×ÖÒ»Ö 4.2.4. 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MC ÀïµÄ FTP ÐéÄâÎļþϵͳ ------------------------------- MC ¿Éͨ¹ý FTP ·ÃÎÊÎļþ¡£°´ F9 תµ½²Ëµ¥À¸£¬ÊäÈ롯p¡¯¼¤»î FTP ÐéÄâÎļþϵͳ¡£°´ `username:passwd@hostname.domainname' ¸ñʽÊäÈë URL£¬Ô¶³ÌÎļþĿ¼¾Í»áÒÔ±¾µØĿ¼µÄ·½Ê½ÏÔʾ³öÀ´¡£ ÔÚ URL ÀïÊÔ×ÅÓà `http.us.debian.org/debian' À´ä¯ÀÀ Debian ´æµµÎļþ¡£¿´µÚ 2.1 ½Ú, `Debian Îļþ' ¾ÍÖªµÀÕâЩÊÇÔõô±»Ê¶±ðµÄÁË¡£ 4.3. Àà Unix ¹¤×÷»·¾³ --------------------- ¾¡¹Ü MC ÈÃÄúÄܹ»×ö¾ø´ó¶àÊýµÄÊÂÇ飬µ«ÊÇÀûÓà shell À´Ñ§Ï°ÃüÁîÐй¤¾ß£¬ºÍÊìϤÀà Unix ϵͳ µÄ¹¤×÷»·¾³»¹ÊǺÜÖØÒªµÄ¡£ [1] [1] ÔÚÖ¸ÄϵÄÕâÒ»ÕÂÀshell Ö¸µÄÊÇ `bash'¡£ÒªÁ˽â¸ü¶à²»Í¬µÄµÄ shell£¬¿´ µÚ 13.2 ½Ú, `Shell'¡£ 4.3.1. 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